Rituals of Power and Rebellion: The Carnival Tradition in Trinidad and Tobago

19th century African masqueraders Africans in Trinidad Albert Gomes American Andrew Carr Andrew Pearse Atilla Atilla's Kaiso August Baker bamboo band banned barrack yard behaviour Bridget Brereton British Calypso and Society Calypso tent calypsonians Caniff Bomparte Cannes Brûlées Caribbean Caribbean Quarterly Carnival day chantuelle class persons Colonial Government coloured costumes Creole Crime in Trinidad culture dance Diego Martin Donald Wood dressed drums English enslavement Errol Hill European festival fight freedom George Goddard Governor Hollis Liverpool island Jamette Carnival Kalenda late London lower classes March masks masquerade bands middle and upper middle class newspaper Ordinance pannists pans paraded Personal Communication Pete Simon picong Pierrot Police population Port-of-Spain Gazette Press Raymond Quevedo revellers riots Sailor sang singers singing social song steelband steelbandsmen stickfighters street Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad Carnival Trinidad Guardian Trinidad in Transition Trinidadians Trotman Univ upper class Victor Toti West African traditions West Indian Whites women