Rituals of Power and Rebellion: The Carnival Tradition in Trinidad and Tobago, 1763-1962

19th century Africans in Trinidad Amerindians Andrew Carr Andrew Pearse Atilla band Begorrat behaviour Bridget Brereton British Calypso and Society Calypso tent calypsonians Cannes Brulees Caribbean Caribbean Quarterly Carnival day Carnival in Nineteenth celebrated chantuelle Colonial Government costumes Creole cultural dance DeVerteuil Diego Martin dominant drums elite English enslaved Africans Errol Hill European festival Free Coloureds freedom French George Goddard Governor griot historian History of Trinidad Hollis Liverpool Igbo island J. D. Elder Jamaica Jamette Kalenda King Kongo L. M. Fraser London lower classes March masks masquerade bands melodies middle class Negro Nineteenth Century Trinidad Ordinance pannists parade Paria Publishing Personal Communication Picong Pierrot planters played Police population Port-of-Spain Gazette Press Raymond Quevedo ritual Rohlehr sang Shango singers singing Slave social songs steelband stickfighters streets sung Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad Carnival Trinidad Guardian Trinidadians Univ upper class West African traditions West Indian Whites Yoruba