Conclusion.

and Judicial departments, and particulary the provision extending the jurisdiction of the latter to all cases arising under the Constitution.

4. The requisition upon the Senators and Representatives in Congress; the members of the State Legislatures; and all Executive and Judicial officers of the United States and of the several States, to be bound by oath or affirmation to support the Constitution of the United States.

5. The provision that the ratifications of the Conventions of nine States should be sufficient for the establishment of the Constitution between the States ratifying the same.

On the Constitutional Restrictions on the Powers of the sever-

al States

271

LECTURE XII.

On the Provisions for giving Efficacy to the Powers vested in

the Federal Government

Appendix A. Declaration of Independence

305

337

B.-Articles of Confederation

342

C.-Constitution of the United States

351

D.-Correspondence with James Madison

E.-Proclamation of the President of the United

367

States of the 10th of December, 1833

F.-Opinion as to the Constitutional Validity of the

Laws of New-York, granting exclusive Privile-

ges of Steam Navigation

373

"

G.-Ordinance for the Government of the Territo-

ry of the United States Northwest of the River

Ohio

394

400

.

LECTURES, &c.

LECTURE I.

INTRODUCTORY.

A KNOWLEDGE of the history, organization, and principles of the government under which he lives, must be beneficial to every man, wheresoever he may dwell, and under whatsoever form of government his lot may have been cast, and may be regarded as peculiarly advantageous in free states, where every citizen must possess an influence more or less powerful in the administration of public affairs. It is obviously indispensable where the political rights of all are equal, and where the obscurest individual has a voice in the election of his rulers, and is himself eligible to the highest stations in the government.

It was, therefore, with reason, considered a defect in the prevailing systems of education, that the study of our constitutional jurisprudence should have been either altogether omitted, or deferred to that period of life when our youth are called on to participate in the active duties of society, or that it should have been regarded only as necessary to lawyers and politicians. For, however essential as is a profound knowledge of the Constitution to statesmen and jurists, some acquaintance with its principles and details must, in the opinion of all who entertain liberal views of public education, and correctly estimate their privileges as citizens, be requisite for those whose ambition rises no higher than the mere exercise of those privileges at elec