CHAP the Holy Sacrament of the altar, and are guilty of other pestiferous heresies. They are ordered to deA.D. 1535 part out of the realm in twelve days, under pain of death. But to depart was as dangerous as to stay; and some at least remained, for in the same year Cromwell's famous pocket-book has the memorandum, "First, touching the Anabaptists, and what the King will do with them."2 Stowe says, in his Anabap- Chronicle, that nineteen men and six women, born burned in Holland, were examined in St. Paul's, on May
25, 1535, and that fourteen were condemned, of whom a man and a woman were burned in Smithfield, and the other twelve sent for execution to other towns. These were probably the persons respecting whom Cromwell had made his memorandum and considering the cruel custom of the age one cannot wonder that persons so utterly heretical should have been condemned, however much the cruelty of the law may be lamented.
Fresh immigrations of the sect took place, however, and they again became so troublesome that a commission was issued to Archbishop Cranmer and others, on October 1, 1538, in which their principles are described as pestiferous and heretical, and in which the Archbishop and the other bishops are enjoined to take stringent measures for their suppression. This resulted in a set of Injunctions which were issued in 1539, restraining the importation of books, condemning the tenets of the Ana
2 Ellis' Orig. Lett., II. ii. 120.
3 He gives their opinions; [1.]
That Christ was only God. [2]
That he did not take flesh and
blood of the Virgin Mary. [3.]
That children of persons not Chris-
tian may be saved. [4.] That Bap-
tism of infants is useless. [5.]
That the Sacrament of Christ's
Body is only bread. [6.] That
none can be saved who sin after
Baptism. Stowe, p. 571.
4 Wilkins' Concil., iii. 836.
baptists, and forbidding disputations about the CHAP Blessed Sacrament or unauthorized abolition of ceremonies. Some of the Anabaptists were made A.D. 1540 to bear faggots in token of recantation, and on April 29, 1540, there appear to have been some more of these unhappy people burned. It is these latter, probably, of whom Latimer spoke in a sermon preached before Edward VI. :—
"The Anabaptists," he says, "that were burnt here in divers towns in England (as I heard of credible men, I saw them not myself) went to their death even intrepide, as ye will say, without any fear in the world, cheerfully. Well, let them go. There was in the old doctors' times another kind of poisoned heretics, that were called Donatists; and these heretics went to their execution, as though they should have gone to some jolly recreation or banquet, to some belly cheer or a play. And will ye argue then, he goeth to his death boldly or cheerfully, ergo, he dieth in a just cause? Nay, that sequel followeth no more than this, 'a man seems to be afraid of death, ergo, he dieth evil.' And yet our Saviour Christ was afraid of death Himself. I warn you, therefore, and charge you, not to judge them that be in authority, but to pray for them."7
In the beginning of the same sermon Latimer Their dangerous speaks of "a certain sect of heretics that will have tenets no magistrates or judges on the earth," five of whom he has heard of in one town; and it is evidently the Anabaptists that he is here also referring to. They were, in fact, becoming very dangerous by the contagious rapidity with which their socialist and infidel principles spread among the lower classes,
5 Wilkins' Concil., iii. 847.
6 Stowe, p. 579. Yet at the end of a proclamation about ceremonies issued in 1538, a general pardon was given to all Anabaptists and other
religious offenders up to February
23rd of that year.
7 Latimer's Sermons, i. 144, ed.
CHAP and did much towards alienating the latter still further from the Church. Poor Bishop Fisher's words to the Convocation in his speech on the Supremacy seemed as if they were going to be realized, and the nation had "leaped out of Peter's ship to be drowned in the waves of all heresies, sects, schisms, and divisions."
During the remainder of Henry the Eighth's reign the anti-Church party went on gaining strength in spite of the aversion which the King bore to them. They had the secret support of Cromwell until his death, and no small encouragement from the Erastianism of Cranmer; while the profligate Duke of Suffolk, the King's brother-in-law, was altogether on their side. The restraint which the King placed on the actual Reformation in his latter years was much in their favour, for there was a widely-spread desire for its completion, and in the absence of an official re-settlement of the Church, men were tempted to innovate and to give way to innovators; and thus to go into wild extremes for want of wise and authoritative guidance. The end was that when, in the next reign, attempts were made to carry on the Reformation in the direction in which it had been begun, a large party had been consolidated whose object was to destroy the ancient Church of England, and to found a new community in the place of it, from which the distinctive principles of the Church of England should be eliminated.
ABBEY interior before the Dissolution, 332
Abbot of Reading, his inscription in
Beauchamp Tower, 351
Abbot of Vale Royal protests against
forged surrender, 338
Abbot of Glastonbury, the, 345
Abbots of Colchester executed, 345
Abbots, twelve, executed as traitors, 326;
refractory, turned out, 337; pliant ones
put in, 338; accused, made bishops,
338, 360; mitred, influence of broken,
345
Abel, Thomas, his attainder, 415; rebus
in the Tower, 416; execution, 416, n.
Abendon, Dr., at Council of Constance, 6
Abuses in Church of England, 10; con-
stitutional, 21; doctrinal, 29
Abusive habits of Dissenters, 546
Acts of Parliament, Præmunire, 16 Rich.
II. c. 5, 199; pardon of clergy, 22 Hen.
VIII. c. 15, 23 Hen. VIII. c. 19, 21ï n. ;
Uniformity, 2 & 3 Edw. VI. c. i. 223,
n.; Submission, 25 Hen. VIII. c. 19,
229; renewing commission to review
canons, 27 Hen. VIII. c. 15, 229;
Supremacy, 26 Hen. VIII. c. 1, 230,
233; making denial of Supremacy trea-
son, 26 Hen. VIII. c. 13, 231; repeal
of Treason Act, 1 Edw. VI. c. 12, 232;
early one on Supremacy, 33 Edw. III.,
233, n.; existing Act of Supremacy, 1
Eliz. c. 1, 234; repeal of Act of Supre-
macy, 1 & 2 Phil. & Mary c. 8, 234;
jurisdiction of Crown, 1 Eliz. c. 1, 234;
Mortmain, 9 Hen. III. c. 36, 285; dis-
solution of monasteries, 31 Hen. VIII.
c. 13, 352; annates, 23 Hen. VIII. c.
20, 253; confiscating_university and
chantry property, 37 Hen. VIII. c. 4,
353; ecclesiastical jurisdiction, 25 Hen.
VIII. c. 21, 255, n.; appeals, 24 Hen.
VIII. c. 12, 257; submission of clergy,
25 Hen. VIII. c. 19, 261; provisors,
25 Edw. III., 13 Rich. II., 263; first-
fruits [appointment of bishops], 25
Hen. VIII. c. 20, 265; suffragan bis-
hops, 26 Hen. VIII. c. 14, 267, n.; eccle-
siastical jurisdiction [Peter's Pence], 25
Hen. VIII. c. 21, 28 Hen. VIII. c. 16,
269; annates, 23 Hen. VIII. c. 20, 277;
appointment of bishops, 25 Hen. VIII.
c. 20, 277; authority of papal bulls,
&c., annulled, 25 Hen. VIII. c. 21,
277; 17 Edw. II. c. 3, Templars' lands,
291; 21 Hen. VIII. c. 26, repudiation
of Hen. VIII.'s debts, 293, n.; Peter's
pence, &c., 25 Hen. VIII. c. 21, 295;
dissolution of monasteries, 27 Hen.
VIII. c. 20, 302; vagrants, 22 Hen.
VIII. c. 12, 27 Hen. VIII. c. 25, 382;
great number relating to Church in
Henry VIII.'s reign, 400, n.; fees for
wills, 21 Hen. VIII. c. 5, 401; mor-
tuary fees, 21 Hen. VIII. c. 6, 402;
pluralities, 21 Hen. VIII. c. 13, 403;
tithes, 27 Hen. VIII. c. 20, 404; re-
straining benefit of clergy, 25 Edw.
III., iii. c. 4, 4 Hen. VII. c. 13, 408;
23 Hen. VIII. c. 1; 23 Hen. VIII. c.
9; 28 Hen. VIII. c. 1; 32 Hen. VIII.
c. 3, 409; succession, 25 Hen. VIII.
c. 22, 417; legalizing Oath of Succes-
sion, 26 Hen. VIII. c. 2, 419; Six
Articles, 31 Hen. VIII. c. 14, 473; re-
pealing Six Articles, 1 Edw. VI. c. 12,
478; qualifying Act of Six Articles, 35
Hen. VIII. c. 5, 479; forbidding work
on holy-days, 6 Hen. VI. c. 3, 488,
490; regulating labour on holy-days, 5
& 6 Edw. VI. c. 13, 491; against here-
tics, Rich. II. c. 5, 530; de hær.
comb., 2 Hen. IV. c. 15, 531; against
heretics, 2 Hen. V. c. 7, 532; against
heresy, 25 Hen. VIII. c. 14, 542; Six
Articles against heresy, 543; against
heretics, 34 & 35 Hen. VIII. c. 1, 544
Act of Dissolution, first, summary of, 306
Act of Six Articles drafted by Henry
VIII., 475; contents of, 476; re-action
caused by it, 479; results of, 478
Adrian VI. wished for reformation, 243,
Aldhelm, Bishop, a translator of Scrip-
ture, 503
Alfred, King, a translator of Scripture,
503
Alien priories dissolved, 291
Alienation of laity from Church, 28
Ammonius, his advice to Erasmus, 354, n.
Anabaptists, foreign, in England, 429;
protested against by clergy, 435; im-
portation of, 550; burning of, 552
Anglican memorial to Council of Pisa, 6;
sermon at Council of Constance, 7
Annates Act, 254; sequel of stated, 265
Annates, compensation offered for, 254;
great amount of, 254
Anti-Church party, growth of, 524; not
persecuted by Wolsey, 528; consoli-
dated, 545; indefinite principles of, 546
Apparent variations not necessarily er-
rors, 3
Appeals, Statute of, 182
Appeals to Rome, origin of, 257; abo-
lished, 258; injustice and inconvenience
of, 260
"Appropriations," meaning of, 25, n.;
evil of, 26
Ap Rice, John, 296, 297; against Dr.
Legh, 300
Aquinas, his classification of sacraments,
457
Arthur, Prince, married as a boy, 102;
died at fifteen, 102
Arthur released by Wolsey, 528
Articles, the Six, 476
Articles, the Ten, framed by clergy, 436;
promulgated by crown, 438; on the
creeds, 439; baptism, 440; on penance,
440, eucharist, 440; justification, 443;
to be preached by clergy, 443; on cere-
monies, 483
Articles, the Thirteen, 470, 472, n.
Arundel, Archbishop, and the English
Bible, 505
Aske, Sir Robert, heads Pilgrimage of
Grace, 321; receives Lancaster Herald
in state, 324; invited to court, 325; and
hanged at York, 326
Askew, Anne, and her story, 538
"Aspersio," an ancient English, 485, n.
Audley, Lord, his share of monastic spoils,
377; on discussions about ceremonies,
482, n.; and Act of Six Articles, 473
Augmentations, Court of, 308
Augsburg, Confession of, 470, 472; influ-
ence on early Dissenters, 454
Authorized Version, early attempts at one,
505, 507, 509; begun by bishops, 518;
hindered by Henry VIII., 520
"Ave Maria," the, Church of England
doctrine about, 456
BAINHAM burned for heresy, 536
Bale on destruction of libraries, 387
Balthasar on character of Henry VIII.,
109
Baptism, Ten Articles on, 440
Barnes, Dr., his penance at St. Paul's,
83; his interview with Wolsey, 84, n. ;
sent to confer with German Protestants,
470; attainted by Parliament, 478, n.;
informs against Lambert for heresy,
538
Barton, Elizabeth, 413
Bayfield burned for heresy, 535
Beauchamp Tower, 326, 351, 416, 528
Bede a translator of Scripture, 503
Bellarmime on Fifteenth century, 4
Benefices used to pay state salaries, 24,
51
Benefit of clergy, 406; restrained by early
Acts, 408; abolished by Reformation
Acts, 409
Bible, mediæval knowledge of, 501; early
printed in Latin, 502, n.; Norman
French of Thirteenth century, 504, n. ;
authorized version of projected in 1408
and 1530, 505; commission of 1530 for
translating, 508; set up in churches,
510; English, allowed to be read in
private, 512; private translations un-
trustworthy, 513; large number early
circulated, 513
Bibles, early English, 503; English, in
Henry VIII.'s reign, 506
Bidding Prayer on royal Supremacy, 209
Bilney released by Wolsey, 84, 528;
burned for heresy, 534
Bishops, medieval, litigious, 7; non-re-
sident, 22; accused by House of Com-
mons, 212; effectually resist Henry
VIII.'s tyranny by union, 227; to be
consecrated without bulls, 254; who
had been abbots and priors, 360; an-
cient English mode of appointing, 262,
264; papal interference with their ap-
pointment, 263, 264; statutory settle-
ment of their mode of appointment,
265; suffragan, 267, n.; obliged to
maintain "benefit of clergy" convicts,
408, 409; English, and English Bibles,
521
Blackstone on mitigation of cruel punish-
ments, 529
Blasphemous parodies authorized by
Cromwell, 273, n.
"Bloated monks," 355
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