1305 The statutes of certain states provide that separate schools for colored children shall be established if voted by a majority of electors of the district (1)*

1306 The statutes or constitutions of certain states require that separate schools maintained for different races must be of equal standards of accommodations and facilities (8)*

1307 The statutes of certain states authorize the establishment of separate schools for children of Japanese, Chinese, Mongolian or Indian races; and require attendance at these schools by said children when established (2)*

1308 The constitutions or statutes of certain states stipulate that no discrimination shall be made as to admission to public secondary schools on account of race or color (10)*

1309 The statutes of certain states authorize the establishment of separate schools for colored children (3)*

1310 The statutes of certain states prohibit the existence of secret fraternities or sororities in any public secondary school unless sanctioned by the board of directors of the school district or other specified school authorities (7)*

1311 The statutes of certain states require that no person enrolled in a public school shall belong to a fraternity, sorority, or secret society under any circumstances (10)*

1312 The statutes of certain states authorize the school

directors to suspend or expel any public school student who belongs to a secret school organization (11)*

1313 The statutes of certain states impose a fine for violation of the public school anti-secret society laws (5)*

1314 The statutes of certain states define a public school secret society as any secret fraternity, sorority, or society formed wholly or in part for the benefit of any public school students (7)*

SUMMARY CHART IX

Conditions of Admission and Membership of Students

in Secondary Schools

Alabama

Arizona.

Arkansas.

California

Colorado.

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri.

Conditions of Admission and Membership of Students

in Secondary

Schools

SUMMARY CHART IX

SYNOPSIS

In conclusion, the data presented in this chapter emphasize certain outstanding points. Free opportunities for the benefits derived from admission and membership in public secondary schools are provided by almost all states. The present state laws extend these opportunities to the population, irrespective of age, color or previous school education, in many states. The right to a high school education belongs to a youth living in a non-high-school district as well as to one who is a resident of a high school district.

In order to enjoy the privileges of high school membership, a youth must qualify by completing an approved public elementary school course, pass examinations prescribed by the local or state board of education, or identify himself as coming within the class of special students with a specific vocational aim, unless the statutes of his particular state authorize his admission as a special student on the grounds that his welfare will be furthered thereby. As a member of a public secondary school, each student is subject to the statutory provisions of his state and to all reasonable rules and regulations of the school board. If he violates any law or regulation, he may be deprived of special privileges, expelled, or, in some cases, fined.

One-third of the states provide separate public school systems for white and colored children. Two states authorize the maintenance of separate schools for Indian, Chinese, Japanese and Mongolian children. These separate school systems must offer equal educational advantages. Failure to provide equivalent educational advantage violates state constitutional provisions for a uniform system of common or free public schools, as well as the fourteenth amendment clause of "equal protection" of the United States Constitution. If equal advantages are offered, however, separate schools established by the states are within the legal powers of the states, and the maintenance of such is not a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.