Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice

abnormalities abomasal absorption acetate acid acid-base status acidemia acute administration alkalinizing alkalosis anions associated Atot blood pH body weight bone bovine calcium calf calves with diarrhea camelids catheter cattle cause cells cHCO3 chloride Clin North clinical signs College of Veterinary Constable PD D-lactate dairy cows Dairy Sci decreased dehydration depletion dextrose diarrhea diarrheic calves diet dietary disease effect erythrocytes excretion extracellular fluid therapy Food Anim Pract glucose Henderson-Hasselbalch equation homeostasis hyperglycemia hypertonic hypocalcemia hypomagnesemia hyponatremia hypophosphatemia increased infusion insulin intake intestinal intravenous isotonic IV fluid therapy lactate lactic mEq/L metabolic acidosis metabolic alkalosis mg/dL milk fever mM/L mmol/L neonatal normal North Am Food oral electrolyte solutions parenteral PCO2 periparturient phosphate phosphorus Physiol plasma potassium recumbency renal rumen ruminal acidosis ruminants saline salt serum Pi simplified strong ion sodium bicarbonate syndrome tion tissue transfusion treatment urine pH vitamin volume whole blood