exact location (which is not an easy matter because of the bewildering sound made by the chirring of thousands of bills on the rough rice hulls), levels his musket over the drooping heads of the grain, and utters a long, rolling whoop. As the feasters clear the level his musket roars out; and, if conditions be favorable, the gunner frequently picks up more than a hundred birds. Other hunters prefer to go into the field and wait until a great cloud of birds, disturbed, yet seeking a place to light, "balls" near enough to shoot.

But while the chief interest occasioned by this late summer visitor is rather expensive and rather unpleasant, there are at such a time observations possible which to the student of bird life are highly valuable. Undoubtedly the most impressive of these is the fact of the rice-bird's gluttony. He grows so corpulent that he grows unwary, he loses his grace of flight, his voice changes from a tenor to a lugubrious bass, and he is actually so fat that if when shot he falls on a hard rice-field bank he will literally burst open. Ricebirds roost in the marshes that border the rivers and in tall reeds that have taken possession of waste rice-lands. Even there they are pursued by hunters, who, blinding them with a lightwood torch, pick them off their perches. And, even though the birds are a nuisance to the South, for the sake of others who love them for their songs of the summer, laws should be passed forbidding the capture of birds at night.

The bobolinks pay the South another visit in the spring, when they are known as May-birds. At that time they feed on the rice that is being sown. The males are then in full summer plumage and in full song. They precede the females in migration by a week or more, and appear far more joyous than their soberer-hued helpmates. This spring visit to the South is very short, and the true bobolink as he is at this time is not so well known there as the rice-bird is in the late summer.

A drive through the Southern woods in winter is a source of great delight to the bird lover. The level roads, smooth as white sand can make them and fragrantly carpeted with pine-needles, lead from dewy swamps to airy ridges, and by tiny farms of Negroes and poor whites-farms that have been desperately wrested from

the engulfing growth of the monstrous woods. In the native growths of pine and tupelo the birds most frequently met (and seldom found anywhere else) are the pinewarbler, the brown-headed nuthatch, and the downy woodpecker. Occasionally, swinging far through the tinted vistas of the purple forest, there will be seen the magnificent black pileated woodpecker, which, with his flaming scarlet cockade, looks at a distance much as the lost ivorybilled woodpecker must have looked before the encroachments of men drove him out of his native haunts. From the grassy roadside flickers bound up startlingly, hurtle to near-by trees, and there hang, with their heads peering over their shoulders. On passing through gallberry thickets or along watercourses with heavy undergrowth, jolly towhees, with their striking red and black plumage, will rustle in the dead leaves or startle one by their abrupt "flufffluff" rise out of the brush. Perched on a dry twig, they will eye the intruder amiably, though they sometimes seem to express a personal opinion in their baffling incredulous whistle. Or, again, from the depths of some shadowy thicket their clear call, comparable in resonance to that of the bob-white, will sound far through the woods, "Towhee! Towhee!" In sunny spaces along the road small flocks of doves will be seen, and frequently brown covies of quail will troop gracefully over the sandy driveway or will huddle together until one passes. Through the sunlit woods large flocks of bluebirds can be seen, warbling that delightful note that in the North heralds the spring. Meadowlarks, while usually found in grain and cotton fields, are often met with in the pine woods, where they find excellent cover in the tall yellow broom-sedge. Traveling together in small flocks, the Carolina chickadee and the tufted titmouse are frequently seen, as are also goldfinches, brown creepers, ruby-crowned kinglets, and bluegray gnatcatchers. If the observer be fortunate, it is quite likely that he may catch a glimpse of a blue-headed or a white-eyed vireo, an orange-crowned, a yellow-throated, or a palm warbler, or even

leads through cultivated lands, one may see vesper sparrows, savannah sparrows (along ditch banks), chipping sparrows,

white-throated sparrows, and, most welcome of all, song sparrows, that sing throughout the entire winter.

N the early days of the Consumers' League a woman from New England, eager and intelligent, went to Washington to consult Carroll D. Wright, Commissioner of Labor. After listening attentively to the plan and object of the organization as developed by his visitor, Mr. Wright commended it, but added, "Do you realize that you have entered upon a hundred years' job?" "We do,". was the instant response, “and so we haven't an hour to lose."

It is exactly this intelligent, comprehensive view of the future, combined with a patience almost superhuman, that animates the group of workers portrayed by Miss Addams in her recent book.1 The opening chapters of the autobiography reveal the child who was the mother of the woman. Miss Addams gave her supreme affection to her father, and he first drew her into the moral concerns of life and later afforded a clue there, "to which," she says, "I somewhat wistfully clung in the intricacy of its mazes." Many women will read the exquisite story of father and daughter with deep emotion, recalling girlhood days steadied, illuminated, and inspired by just this strong and perfect understanding. This wise father listened quietly to the "cheap arguments" of the young girl upon many subjects that appealed to her ardent youthfulness. For instance, when she tried to prove him wrong for mourning the death of Joseph Mazzini "because he was not an American," she gained from her father's attitude a sense of the genuine relationship that exists between men who share large hopes and like desireş, even though they differ in nationality language, and creed. She was ashamed

Twenty Years in Hull House. By Jane Addams. The Macmillan Company, New York. $2.50.

of her meager patriotism, proud of her father, and took to her heart Mrs. Browning's lines in which she describes a like relationship.

"He wrapt me in his large

Man's doublet, careless did it fit or no."

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The understanding between the grave man of few words and the ardent little girl was perfect. She was not five years old when Lincoln died, and, for the first time, she knew that grown people wept, for she found her father in tears. In a chapter upon the influence of Lincoln the depths of patriotism are stirred, and we thrill with a sense of comradeship with our devoted fathers and mothers who lived through the Civil War and gave of their best to the saving of the Union. Mr. Lincoln wrote several letters to Mr. Addams (kept with sacred care by the recipient), whom he addressed as "My dear Double-D'ed Addams." He consulted him as to certain measures then before the Illinois Legislature, of which Mr. Addams was long an influential member. Through her father's love for the martyred President the young girl stored up in her heart a lifelong devotion to that honored name, which came to be, as she says, "an invigorating and clarifying power." "Abraham Lincoln cleared the title to our democracy," and proved that democratic government, with all its shortcomings, "still remains the most valuable contribution America has made to the moral life of the world."

A telling chapter is given to what Miss Addams calls, in Tolstoy's phrase, "The Snare of Preparation." It should be read by every young man or woman aiming to be useful in this active world, yet often "smothered and sickened with advantages" and unfortunately free from happy industry or from "extenuating obstacles." Aroused from a period of absorption and theorizing, Miss Addams and her friend Miss Starr began the search for a suitable place in Chicago where they might try the settlement experiment, not yet fully outlined in their own thought.

How they found Hull House and how the work grew under their willing hands has often been told, but never without effect. Their purpose was afterward stated in these words: “To provide a center for a higher civic and social life; to institute and maintain educational and philanthropic enterprises and to investigate and improve the conditions in the industrial districts of Chicago." In view of this clear statement, the criticisms that have been made upon the work done, because it was not something quite different, are hardly to be regarded as reasonable.

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Perhaps the strongest impression left on the mind after reading this book is the remarkable poise of Miss Addams's character. She held herself open to suggestions, made tentative plans, listened to advice from many sources, yet kept firm hold upon essential principles. In a chapter "Economic Discussion" there are several keen bits of analysis regarding the attitude of those who espoused the different activities of so-called social science. They had to be put into partisan groups because their feelings were apt to be hurt when their especial cause did not receive due recognition. All this inner friction Miss Addams seems to have escaped,

though of outward tangles and insoluble problems her days were full. As is well known, she took an active and influential part in labor legislation in Illinois, keeping in close touch with every detail of the puzzling industrial problems. Her School Board experiences and her efforts for civic co-operation in Chicago revealed to her clear vision much of the under side of party politics. The book is packed full of information, suggestion, encouragement, and most complete comprehension of the overwhelming difficulties in the path of the reformer. Too many of us are acquainted with the sort of persons Miss Addams describes as putting forth thorns in their eagerness to bear grapes, pursuing ends which they consider of overwhelming importance and becoming thin and impoverished in spirit and temper, developing "a dark mistaken eagerness alternating with fatigue, which supersedes 'the great and gracious ways' so much more congruous with worthy aims." Such are the antipodes of Miss Addams. such will this book be a guide-post to a better road. For others, not yet impressed by the tremendous need and by their own great privileges, the book will prove an inspiration, a call to happy, patient, intelligent toil.

For

Miss Addams has recently given to large audiences the fruits of her experience in addresses before the meetings in connection with the Child Welfare Exhibit in New York.

The author of "We of the Never Never Land," Mrs. .Eneas Gunn, writes of a remote district of Australia. The book shows descriptive power of rather unusual ability, and is vivacious throughout. Sometimes, indeed, one wishes that the author would be a little less sprightly and a little more definite; that she would explain to the uninitiated reader some of the Australian terms used, and tell a little more in detail just what was done on this enormous stock-farm. "The Never Never Land," as we understand it, is the more remote part of the northern Australian country. It is reached by telegraph and by mail-riders "once in a while:" but the "stations," or ranches, are many miles apart, and the people in one place have to depend upon

themselves for social pleasure as well as for actual needs. Mrs. Gunn evidently proved resourceful and one sees that she was the spirit of cheerfulness which animated this little spot of English life set down in the midst of grinning natives, enormous stretches of wild country, and so remote from contact with the world at large that a woman could expect to get her household provisions and packages sent her from a distance only two or three times a year. Mrs. Gunn and her husband made the best of things, and really passed an enjoyable and even jolly life. The little pen sketches of their faithful but rough associates and of their native servants are decidedly amusing-in particular, the fat Chinese cook is so well presented that he is a more enjoyable character than most to be found in humorous novels. (The Macmillan Company, New York. $1.50.)

"Islam Lands" is a worthy successor to Mr. Shoemaker's books about Ireland, Scot

land, France, Russia, Persia, India, Burma, the Philippines, New Zealand, and Tasmania. The present volume seems to us noteworthy chiefly because of two things. First, because of its information concerning the Sudanese. Mr. Shoemaker finds them superior to the Egyptians, and describes their progress as guided by the English, particularly at Gordon College and at the Wellcome Laboratory. The latter institution has not only carried on remarkable investigations into the causes of the numerous diseases found in tropical climates, but, as showing the changes brought about by the new régime, the chief Laboratory attendant -a man trusted to make blood fibers for

microscopic examination-was once a fighting dervish in Kordofan! The Laboratory's work is broad enough even to be concerned with the construction of houses, and its report points out the importance to the white race of shade and the harmfulness to it of the excess of tropical sunlight-indeed, the main use of the pigment in the Negro skin is to keep out the light rays. The second particularly striking feature of the present volume, so it seems to us, is Mr. Shoemaker's description of Tunisia, especially of Carthage and Timgad (the ancient Thamagudi). The author even claims that the Timgad ruins are more magnificent and extensive than anything that Rome can show, the Coliseum excepted. Many illustrations add to the value of Mr. Shoemaker's book. (G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York. $2.50.)

Will the white race continue to control the black, yellow, and brown races? We frequently hear that query from people who have lived in the Far East. One among them, an Englishman, still hiding his personality under the pseudonym of B. L. Putnam Weale, attempts to elucidate the question in his latest book, "The Conflict of Color." Unless the question is answered quickly and definitely, he says, there may be a revolution, world-wide in its extent. By his "Manchu and Muscovite," his "Reshaping of the Far East," his "Truce in the East," and his "Coming Struggle in Eastern Asia" this author has prepared us for the opinions he now expresses. His observations are interesting to all the colonial Powers. But they are chiefly so to Great Britain and the United States. With regard to the United States the volume contains some particularly pregnant hints and conclusions, we think. As might be anticipated, they have to do with our relations with China and Japan. Suppose China one day makes common cause with Japan. What will result? Eastern Asia, with a population of six hundred millions, will be controlled from Tokyo. But, what is of more moment, a closed sea might extend from Saghalien to

Siam. For our "pernicious doctrine of Protection having given to all modern states a pseudo-scientific weapon, it is not a very far cry from tariffs on goods to tariffs and restrictions on foreign shipping, on foreign merchants, on everything foreign." Such a

policy, it is claimed, has already been begun

by Japan in Formosa and Korea and South Manchuria. How shall we meet this policy? The author has two answers ready: Secure China's complete independence, and then make China ultimately stronger than Japan. If we Americans do not do this, he adds, we may expect to lose the Philippines, and that "in less than two decades." But we must not only build up China, we must restrain Japan. In this, as the author truly thinks, neither England nor Russia can do as much as America. For, as The Outlook has often said, no nation enjoys the liberty of action conferred on us by our geographical situation, detaching us as it does from European, rivalries. It is certainly no wonder that we have come to be known as the only truly disinterested party in foreign politics. Hence we can count, not only upon the public opinion of other countries, but actually, thinks our author, on the active support of a majority of European Powers, in case of need; and even more emphatically upon the support of the great English-speaking democracies-Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa-which, the author wel says, though English in political organization, are decidedly American in sentiment. (The Macmillan Company, New York. $2.)

Napoleon the Great "antithetically mixt" is a riddle which students of human nature are never weary of studying. Every year brings some new addition to the already enormous library of Napoleonic literature. "Napoleon in His Own Defence," edited by Clement Shorter (Cassell & Co., New York, $4), is a reprint of the "Las Cases Letters" and a reply by Theodore Hook. The Las Cases "Letters from the Cape," the editor declares, were "undoubtedly by Napoleon." When letters are dictated to a secretary by so rapid a thinker as Napoleon, it is always a little hazardous to determine how much the language is that of the dictator and how much that of the secretary. "Letters from the Cape" (of Good Hope), to which point Las Cases had been sent from St. Helena, where he had previously been Napoleon's companion, are so entitled because sent from the Cape to Lady Clavering in England, in defense of Napoleon from an anti-Napoleonic publication by a Mr. Warden. The reprinted pamphlet by Theodore Hook, the popular but unscrupulous English author and practical joker, is valuable rather as a resurrected curiosity than as a historical document. The man who characterized the greatest commander of his age, if not of the ages, by the phrase, "a more ungraceful, thick-legged, fat little fellow never existed on the face of the earth," is not to be taken seriously, even if we were not told by Mr.

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Shorter that when this pamphlet was written Mr. Hook was under official charges of public peculation and had very good reason for attempting to curry favor with the Government by defending it from charges of mistreatment of a fallen foe. "The Corsican: A Diary of Napoleon's Life in His Own Words" (Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, $1.75), though not, strictly ctly speaking, speakin diary, is both interesting and valuable. "The matter, with the exception of the few bracketed passages, is derived entirely from Napoleon's own words written and spoken." It is a remarkable compilation, and to the student of Napoleon, and also to the student of human nature, is of unique interest. That interest is not abated by the fact that nothing that Napoleon ever said or wrote can be taken at its face value, without inquiry. For he was always a poseur. He posed before Europe, before his people, before his army, before his wife, before his valet, and, when there was no one else present, before his looking-glass. Mr. Gladstone declared, Mr. Shorter tells us, that Napoleon was the greatest man, both as a soldier and an ad ministrator, that the world has ever seen. With that judgment we agree. But he was also perhaps the vainest and the most selfconceited man the world has ever thought worth its study. He never forgot himself. One of his companions in his exile, M. Gounard, the author of "The Exile of St. Helena," has said of him that " on his lonely rock he had not lost the art of managing men," that "his work was meted out exactly to suit the French mind, the requirements of the time, the intelligence and the sentiments of the people." He always wrote and spoke for effect, and one can never tell when he was sincere, or whether, indeed, he was ever absolutely himself. Even when he is quite frank in his self-revelation one is quite sure that he is so for a purpose. For example: "Campo Formio. Count Cobenzl and I met • for our concluding session in a room where, according to Austrian custom, a dais had been installed with a chair of state representing that of the Austrian Emperor. On entering I asked what this meant, and (on being told) I said to the Austrian Ministers: 'Come, before we begin you had better have that chair taken away, because I have never yet seen a chair set higher than others with out immediately wanting to get into it." That was evidently said for a purpose, but it is nevertheless real self-revelation, and explains the alliance of all Europe against him, and his ultimate downfall. Again, in a single sentence he interprets the failure of the French Revolution: "We have not vet defined what we mean by the executive, legislative, and judicial powers." French failure to do this, American success in doing this, marks the radical difference between the French and the American revolutions. On the other hand, no one can take seriously the statement to the Archduke Charles, " If the overture I have the honor of making can save the life of one single individual, I shall

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be more proud of the civic crown I shall earn than of the sad glory that comes of military success;" nor can we reconcile his complimentary letter to the President of the National Institute, "The real conquests, those that leave no regrets behind, are those made over ignorance," with the sentiment attributed to him by history when he clined to receive Pestalozzi, "I have no time for ABC." This necessity of reading between the lines and endeavoring to see the real man behind his mask of words adds fascination to this Diary.

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"Christianity and the Modern Mind," by Dr. Samuel McComb, author of "Religion and Medicine" (Dodd, Mead & Co., New York, $1.50), and "Missions and Modern Thought," by Professor William Owen Carver, of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary (The Macmillan Company, New York, $1.50), are wholly independent and yet complementary to each other. The concluding chapter of the former introduces the theme of the latter. Each complete in itself, they reinforce each other, and constitute in combination a more massive argument than that of either separately. Dr. McComb's volume vindicates the claim of Christianity to leadership of the modern mind that often antagonizes it. His reasoning with objectors covers all the moot points of current difficulty, and draws effectively on the helpful suggestions supplied by recent scientific research, especially in psychology. He does well in insisting that Christianity, in fidelity to its essential spirit, has yet to complete the demonstration of its claim to allegiance by effectively coping with the sorest evils of the world, its social inhumanities, most apparent in the grim facts of poverty and crime. On its fidelity to the altruistic missionary spirit, which impels it to impart its best to mankind, the future of Christianity in its claim to leadership of the world is staked. From this view-point Professor Carver's volume proceeds to show that Christian missions, as now conceived and conducted with the encouragement and the correction of a century's experience, are meeting the demands of the best thought of our time. His argument draws especially upon the facts and lessons of history in general, and of the history of Christianity and of Christian missions in particular. Through its foreign mission work, says Professor Carver, "Christianity has come very much better to understand itself." "The function of Christian missions is to put a higher type of man in the midst of lower types. One can agree with him that "we find our missions saving our theology at home," if not to the extreme extent of his claim. Both writers are constructive and positive, practical rather than critical, and find the convincing evidences of Christianity in what it can do. Both insist on a deep passion for humanity and human brotherhood