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tion, in the manner prescribed therein, and in all laws to be passed by the Congress in the mean time, to conform to the spirit of the said amendments, as far as the constitution will admit.

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1. The United States shall guarantee to each state its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction and right, which is not by this constitution expressly delegated to the United States.

11. That Congress shall not alter, modify, or interfere in the times, places or manner of holding elections for senators and representatives, or either of them, except when the legislature of any state shall neglect, refuse, or be disabled by invasion or rebellion, to prescribe the same, or in case when the provision made by the state is so imperfect as that no consequent election is had, and then only until the legislature of such state shall make provision in the premises.

1. It is declared by the convention, that the judicial power of the United States, in cases in which a state may be a party, does not extend to criminal prosecutions, or to authorize any suit by any person against a state but to remove all doubts or controversies respecting the same, that it be especially expressed as a part of the constitution of the United States, that Congress shall not directly or indirectly, either by themselves, or through the judiciary, interfere with any one of the states, in the redemption of paper money already emitted, and now in circulation, or in liquidating or discharging the publick securities of any one state; that each and every state shall have the exclu

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sive right of making such laws and regulations for the before mentioned purpose, as they shall think proper.

IV. That no amendments to the constitution of the United States, hereafter to be made pursuant to the fifth article, shall take effect, or become a part of the constitution of the United States, after the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three, without the consent of eleven of the states heretofore united under the confederation.

v. That the judicial powers of the United States shall extend to no possible case where the cause of action shall have originated before the ratification of this constitution; except in disputes between states about their territory, disputes between persons claiming lands under grants of different states, and debts due to the United States.

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VI. That no person shall be compelled to do military duty otherwise than by voluntary enlistment, except in cases of general invasion; any thing in the second paragraph of the sixth article of the constitution, or any law made under the constitution, to the contrary, notwithstanding.

vi. That no capitation or poll tax shall ever be laid by Congress.

VIII. In cases of direct taxes, Congress shall first make requisitions on the several states to assess, levy and pay their respective proportions of such requisitions, in such way and manner as the legislatures of the several states shall judge best and in case any state shall neglect or refuse to pay its proportion pursuant to such requisition, then Congress may assess and levy such state's proportion, together with interest

at the rate of six per cent. per annum, from the time prescribed in such requisition.

IX. That Congress shall lay no direct taxes without the consent of the legislatures of three-fourths of the states in the union.

x. That the journals of the proceedings of the senate and house of representatives, shall be published as soon as conveniently may be, at least once in every year; except such parts thereof relating to treaties, alliances, or military operations, as in their judgment require secrecy.

XI. That regular statements of the receipts and expenditures of all publick moneys shall be published at least once a year.

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XII. As standing armies in time of peace are dangerous to liberty, and ought not to be kept up except cases of necessity, and as at all times the military should be under strict subordination to the civil power, that therefore no standing army or regular troops shall be raised or kept up in time of peace.

XIII. That no moneys be borrowed on the credit of the United States, without the assent of two-thirds of the senators and representatives present in each house.

XIV. That the Congress shall not declare war without the concurrence of two-thirds of the senators and representatives present in each house.

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xv. That the words "without the consent of Congress," in the seventh clause in the ninth section of the first article of the constitution, be expunged.

XVI. That no judge of the supreme court of the United States, shall hold any other office under the United States, or any of them; nor shall any officer appointed by Congress. or by the president and senate

of the United States, be permitted to hold any office under the appointment of any of the states.

XVII. As a traffick tending to establish or continue the slavery of any part of the human species, is disgraceful to the cause of liberty and humanity; that Congress shall as soon as may be, promote and establish such laws and regulations as may effectually prevent the importation of slaves of every description into the United States.

XVIII. That the state legislatures have power to recal, when they think it expedient, their federal senators, and to send others in their stead.

XIX. That Congress have power to establish a uniform rule of inhabitancy or settlement of the poor of the different states throughout the United States.

xx. That Congress erect no company with exclusive advantages of commerce.

XXI. That when two members shall move or call for the ayes and nays on any question, they shall be entered on the journals of the houses respectively.

Done in convention, at Newport, in the county of Newport, in the state of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, the twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety, and the fourteenth year of the independence of the United States of America. By order of the convention.

(Signed)

DANIEL OWEN, President.

Attest. DANIEL UPDIKE. Sec'ry.

On the 9th of February, 1791, the following acts of the state of Vermont relating to the constitution were communicated to Congress.

STATE OF VERMONT.

An Act to authorize the People of this State to meet in Convention to deliberate upon and agree to the Constitution of the United States.

WHEREAS, in the opinion of this legislature, the future interest and welfare of this state, render it necessary that the constitution of the United States of America, as agreed to by the convention at Philadelphia, on the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eightyseven, with the several amendments and alterations, as the same has been since established by the United States, should be laid before the people of this state for their approbation.

It is hereby enacted by the general assembly of the state of Vermont, That the first constable in each town shall warn the inhabitants who by law are entitled to vote for representatives in general assembly, in the same manner as they warn freemen's meetings, to meet in their respective towns on the first Tuesday of December next, at ten o'clock forenoon, at the several places fixed by law for holding the annual election, and when so met they shall proceed in the same manner as in the election of representatives, to choose some suitable person from each town to serve as a delegate in a state convention, for the purpose of deliberating upon and agreeing to the constitution of the United States as now established; and the said consta

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