Voice of the leopard : African secret societies and Cuba
Ivor Miller (Author)
In Voice of the Leopard: African Secret Societies and Cuba, Ivor L. Miller shows how African migrants and their political fraternities played a formative role in the history of Cuba. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, no large kingdoms controlled Nigeria and Cameroon's multilingual Cross River basin. Instead, each settlement had its own lodge of the initiation society called Ékpè, or "leopard," which was the highest Indigenous authority. Ékpè lodges ruled local communities while also managing regional and long-distance trade. Cross River Africans, enslaved and forcibly brought to
1 online resource (xx, 364 pages, 16 unnumbered pages of plates) : illustrations (some color), maps (some color)
9781604738148, 1604738146
774385306
Arrival
The fortified city
Planting Abakuá in Cuba, 1830s to 1860s
From Creole to Carabalí
Dispersal : Abakuá exiled to Florida and Spanish Africa
Disintegration of the Spanish empire
Havana is the key : Abakuá in Cuban music
Conclusions
Epilogue: Cubans in Calabar : Ékpè has one voice